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EAR
TRIVIUM APPLIED
TO
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Copyright 2005 All Rights Reserved This article has been published by Pete & Maribel Hernandez. All contents belong to the authors. The right to reproduce or publish any portion of this material, electronically, archival, in any manner, by any means or for any purpose is reserved as the sole right of the authors, who grants permission for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, provided that the author’s name and address are clearly cited, and a copy of the publication containing the article or review is forwarded to the authors.
Learning otorhinolaryngology will allow you to eliminate your pediatric bills while reducing the overuse of antibiotics. This study allows you to bring utility to others while procuring an ameliorative outcome.
What is otorhinolaryngology? The “ot” means ear, rhino means nose, “laryn” means throat, “o” is the connecting vowel and “logy” is the science or study of.
This specialty is called ENT—ear, nose and throat. The name was inappropriately shortened in 1980, to “otolaryngology”. This specialty will teach you how to deal with sicknesses involving the chest and above. It includes upper respiratory infections. The exceptions are eye disorders, and brain disorders. The study of otorhinolaryngology involves patients of all ages. Common conditions that arise in this specialty include but are not limited to— hearing loss, tonsillitis, (inflammation of a tonsil) sinusitis, (inflammation of lining membrane) head and neck cancers. This specialty requires a range of skills because of the variety of problems medically seen. Reconstructive surgery is outside the scope of this paper.
What is the Trivium? The three roads to learning. The three roads are grammar, logic and rhetoric. This is the Biblical model for learning. Proverbs 2:6, 8:12, 15:14, l8:15, 23:12, 24:3. The trivium model of learning is first based on scripture, secondly, medical education that is built on it facilitates purpose, direction and execution.
“The hearing ear and the seeing eye, the LORD hath made them both” Proverb 20:12
This is Part 1 of a 5 part series
Part 1—EAR
Part 2—NOSE
Part 3—THROAT
Part 4—CHEST
Part 5—HEAD
OVERVIEW OF TRIVIUM APPLIED TO OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Anyone can study otorhinolaryngology using any approach; however, it will lack direction, purpose and execution. Therefore we encourage you to use the “Trivium” approach. The example below is suitable for all families who want to study this specialty and medical students because of its broad applications within: ear, nose, throat, and upper respiratory infections. The trivium applied to “otorhinolaryngology” functions in three distinct stages.
GRAMMAR STAGE: First stage is called the “Grammar stage” this is where the student seeks the facts about “otorhinolaryngology”. What are the anatomical names for the ear? Where are they located? The student then takes those facts and moves into the second stage. In a nutshell this discipline is the study of the diseases associated with ear, nose, throat and upper respiratory.
LOGIC STAGE: The second stage is called the “Logic Stage”. Why are these symptoms associated with ear infections? This is where he begins to understand the common complaints associated with the ear, nose, and throat and upper respiratory. Learning how to evaluate the clinical pictures that arise belong to the logic stage.
RHETORIC STAGE: This is the last stage called the “Rhetoric Stage”. It is here where the student puts all three stages together in order to put into practice his clinical skills he learned in otorhinolaryngology. When does the student use his skills he learned in this medical specialty? When he knows his anatomical parts of the ear, he has the facts. When he is able to assess the quadrants of the tympanic membrane, he understands their location and function. When a middle ear infection is present he is able to apply the correct phytopharmaceutical (medicine compounded from plants). It is here where he executes a plan of action. He knows the facts. He understands how to use those facts. The three stages together form the foundation of the trivium. Finally, he is able to effectuate a gnosis (knowledge), diagnosis (understanding), and a diagnostic (practice).
(For more details read: Medical Copy-Work, Published by APM Researchers)
Grammar Stage: Otorhinolaryngology
External Ear Parts: Ø Helix Ø Auricle Ø Crura of antihelix Ø Tubercle Ø Scaphoid fossa Ø Antihelix Ø Concha (Cymba & Cavum) Ø Lobule Ø Triangular fossa Ø Crus of helix Ø Tragus Ø Intertragic notch Ø Antitragus
Inner Ear Parts: Ø Epitympanic recess Ø Malleus Ø Incus Ø Stapes tensor tympani muscle Ø Cartilaginous osseous Ø Tympanic membrane Ø Tympanic cavity Ø Eustachian tube Ø Levator veli palatine muscle
External ear parts: Ø Hē / liks— helix Ø Auricle— aw/ri-kl Ø Kroo/ră— crura Ø Tubercle— too/ber-kl Ø Scaphoid fossa— skaf/oyd, fos/ă Ø Antihelix— an-tē-hē/liks Ø Concha— kon/kă, sim/bă kong/kē Ø Lobule— lob/ūl Ø Triangular— tri-an-gu-lar Ø Crus— kroos Ø Tragus— trā/gŭs Ø Intertragic notch Ø Antitragus— an-tē-trā/gŭs
Inner ear parts: Ø Epitympanic recess— epi-tim-pan/ik Ø Malleus— mal/ē-ŭs Ø Incus— ing/kŭs Ø Stapes— stā/pēz Ø Cartilaginous— kar-ti-laj/i-nŭs Ø Tympanic membrane Ø Tympanic cavity Ø Eustachian tube— ū/stā/kē/an Ø Levator— le-vā/ter, veli— vel/i, palatine— pal/ă-tīn, muscle
External ear parts: Ø Helix- This is the margin of the ear also known as the folded rim. Ø Auricle- The part of the ear that projects, its structure is shell-like. Ø Crura of anithelix- Two ridges, one inferior and one superior. Ø Tubercle- The nodule circumscribed part of the external ear. Ø Scaphoid fossa- The boat-shaped; hollowed part of the external ear. Ø Antihelix- The anterior elevated portion of the cartilage. Ø Concha- cymba, cavum- The large hollow floor of the auricle, divided by the crus. Ø Lobule- The lowest part of the auricle. Ø Triangular fossa- Upper part of the auricle that has a depression. Ø Crus of helix- Ridge continuing backward from the helix of the auricle. Ø Tragus- The projection of the cartilage. Ø Intertragic notch- The lower part of the auricle, with a deep notch. Ø Antitragus- The cartilage projecting just above the lobule
Inner ear parts: Ø Epitympanic recess- Contains the head of the malleus and the body of the incus. Ø Malleus- The largest of the three auditory ossicles. Ø Incus- The middle bone of the three icicles in the middle ear. Ø Stapes- The smallest of the three auditory icicles. Ø Cartilaginous- Nonvascular connective tissue with a firm consistency. Ø Tympanic membrane- Thin membrane pearl-like color. Ø Tympanic cavity- Air chamber, lined with mucous membrane. Ø Eustachian tube- Auditory tube. Ø Levator- Veli palatine muscle.
Copy-work help students explore the interface of medical literature and medical knowledge. It also causes refinement in choice of words. Copy-work introduces various styles of medical writing. This helps to develop form & conventions of medical documentation. Lastly, the student learns to retain the basic thought of the original writing.
Articulate each word through each syllable.
A.D.A.M. Interactive Anatomy, published by: Benjamin/Cummings
Part 2 of this 5 part series will show you how to identify common diseases relating to the ear. Here is one example: Example: Otitis Media is inflammation of the middle ear, often accompanied by accumulation of fluid and possible obstruction to the Eustachian tube. Some common complaints seen in infants and children are: pulling on their ear, tender to the touch, pain, external auditory canal appears red, and swollen.
Logic Stage: Otorhinolaryngology
Give a brief oral narrative of all the parts of the ear. Read aloud your definitions.
See: Write all the external and inner parts of the ear in your human anatomy notebook.
Ø Use graphite pencils to draw the ear in your human anatomy art Notebook. Ø Use Insta Mold by Activa Products; to produce the finest details of a model ear. Non-irritant to skin when recreating external body parts.
Example: The ear is the organ of hearing. It is composed of three parts. The external, middle, and inner parts. The external portion consists of the auricle and external auditory canal. The middle portion houses the tympanic membrane. Posteriorly, the middle ear opens into the mastoid antrum. The inner portion is a membranous, curved cavity.
Rhetoric Stage: Otorhinolaryngology
Sketching free hand, or place tracing paper over the ear atlas.
Ø Otoscope with pneumatic attachment. Ø Nasal speculum Ø Tongue blades Ø Tuning fork of (500 to 1000Hz) Ø Sterile Gloves Ø Penlight, sinus transilluminator, or light from otoscope Ø Vials with different odors such as mint, banana, coffee All these supplies can be special ordered through your local pharmacy, medical supply stores or contact APM Researchers. E-Bay is another place to check. How to effectively use these tools will be covered in part 2 of this 5 part series.
Brief explanation of diagnostic tools: o Otoscope allows you to look at the tympanic membrane. o Nasal speculum allows for nasal cavity inspection. o Tongue blade suppresses the tongue to allow viewing of oral cavity. o Tuning fork allows for ascertaining conductive hearing lost. o Sterile Gloves reduce microbes. o Penlight, sinus transilluminator or light from otoscope all provide illumination of the sinus cavity.
Use the ear exam forms by: ALTERNATIVE PHYTO-MED Researchers (APM) This form include: Ø Time of onset Ø Inspection of Auricles Ø Position Ø Color Ø Size Ø Shape Ø Landmark Ø Lesions Ø Symmetry Ø Duration Ø Pain Ø Discharge Ø Toxic medications Ø Method of ear canal cleaning Ø Associated symptoms Ø Instructions on how to palpitate & inspect and more.
Ø Posterior Superior Quadrant Ø Posterior Inferior Quadrant Ø Anterior Superior Quadrant Ø Anterior Inferior Quadrant
Clinical Application Include but are not limited to: Verbascum Thapsus, Belladona, Sublimed Sulphur For more details See: Managing Otitis Media in Infants and Children With Phyto- pharmaceuticals No. 01
RESOURCES:
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY VOCABULARY: Otorhinolaryngology Vocabulary Builder No. 03 Alternative Phyto-Med Researchers Medrsch@sbcglobal.net 806-335-3061 $20.00
MEDICAL FORMS · Ear Exam Forms No. 02: Alternative Phyto-Med Researchers Medrsch@sbcglobal.net 806-335-3061 $20.00
· Managing Otitis Media in Infants and Children With Phyto-pharmaceuticals No.01 Alternative Phyto-Med Researchers Medrsch@sbcglobal.net 806-335-3061 $20.00
WEB SITES: l
http://www.bcm.edu/oto/studs/toc.html
SPECIALTY BOARD American Board of Otolaryngology 2211 Norfolk, Suite 800 Houston, TX 77098-4044
DISCLAIMER NOTICE: Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, APM Researchers are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the contents of the publication. The editor and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that Phytopharmaceutical set forth in this text are in accordance with the U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia and United States Kings Dispensatory. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to Phytopharmaceutical and reactions, the reader is urged to check for warnings, contraindications, and precautions. Some medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each Phytopharmaceutical or device planned for use in their clinical practice. The information presented here is for educational purposes. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat or cure.
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